Many schools around the world, at early stages of education, should promote various forms of increasing environmental awareness. This should be supplemented, also, by the implementation of practical policies for following and monitoring predefined Guidelines for Standard Sets of Environmental Code of Conduct. 

The Internet can provide schools with rich information on what, how, where and when we need such information, e.g. for Environmental Pollution drawings visit:  http://clipgid.com/environmental-pollution-drawings.html

Reconstruction of human evolution is an important part of science and technology where enormous amount of knowledge is being gained about our distant roots, evolution, habits and interaction with the enviroment including early settlements and adaptation to the living conditions on earth. Also, to give us information and feedbacks on how science and technology have impacted on us and living conditions on earth. Among basic instruments and tool for such reconstruction is archeology in particular (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology) and palaeo-sciences, e.g. South African Strategy for the Palaeosciences, the Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Palaeosciences of thttp://www.wits.ac.za/newsroom/newsitems/201304/19759/news_item_19759.html, in general.

Face Changes is related to historical path of the human story that goes back millions of years. But how do we reconstruct such complex evolution and retrieve all the necessary details with precise linkage to time? Here is one story that has puzzled humans for centuries, if not even longer.

Two years ago, a pair of recreational cavers entered a cave called Rising Star in the northwest of Johannesburg. In the back of their minds was another mission, as this region of South Africa produced so many fossils of our early ancestors that it later became known as the Cradle of Humankind, they were looking for bones.

This is the story of one of the greatest fossil discoveries of the past half century, i.e. what regards understanding of human evolution. The face, skull, and teeth show enough modern features to justify H. naledi’s placement in the genus Homo. Artist Gurche spent some 700 hours reconstructing the head from bone scans, using bear fur for hair. A trove of bones hidden deep within a South African cave represents a new species of human ancestor, scientists announced such findings in the journal eLife.

Here is the full stroy: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150910-human-evolution-change/?utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=wild_science_20150911&utm_campaign=Content&utm_rd=1084349381

Many of us, if not all, have considerable dreams and needs to improve their household economy. When dreams and needs keep piling up life changes its face to constant nightmares. With increasing competition on natural resources, decreasing access to high-quality affordable products and accelerating needs for improving life quality there are two options for improving household economy either (1) increasing income or/and (2) decreasing living costs.

Increasing incomes though very rewarding it seldom comes without painful impacts and constant difficulties e.g. cutting down free-time activities, enhanced stress and breaking social relations even within the family itself and constant misconfort as well. It is even not suitable or recommended under certain conditions, e.g. having small children with constant needs for care or not having proper health or simply the merits of doing other jobs. This said, you will not be left with any space whatsoever to make wise and weighted decisions for solving household problems. In contrast this may even increase your household spending or/and erod long-term efforts for improving your  living conditions. 

On the other hand, if a long-term agenda is created for gradually decreasing your living costs and thereby increasing the savings that can indeed provide enormous benefits and advantages. The golden rule is “save when you have and spend when you do not have”. Believe or not you can always save and you should try it.

The point is not the absolute amount of money you can save, it rather the relative amounts as saving is naturally dependent on income. Huge global variabilities exist in terms of income e.g. the U.S. is now LESS affordable – but still cheaper than Britain and France. The global cost of living index is topped by Switzerland (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2921059/Map-shows-U-S-affordable-cheaper-Britain-France-cost-living-index-topped-Switzerland.html).

Here are ten hints how to improve your household economy:

(1) DIY “Do It Yourself”. In many countries the labor is becoming either inaccessible or unaffordable. At the sametime the WWW provide enormous possibilities to find solutions for doing things by ourselves (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself). Critical search by Google with input information from Pinterest, Bolgs and YouTube can allow you to create and solve many household problems, e.g. reparations, restoration, cooking, cleaning, carpeting, ….. you name it …. etc.

(2) examine prices, quality and guarantee conditions by using pricerunner (http://www.firedog.co.uk/thinking-space/news-opinions/creativity/what-is-pricerunner-animated-video/). Prices for same thing can vary considerably. You can save enormous amounts of time and money by learning how to use the WWW to cut down your spending.

(3) Get use of second-hand items (https://sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_hand). It is no shame in saving money and resources. Among the richest persons in the word are poeple who did this. It is very constructive to learn how to survive. You still find high-quality articles in second-hand shops and flea market.

(4) Shop on line and not using credit with high interest-rates that eats up your income and even your capital. Use the huge information on the net to do your business economically, e.g. Alibaba, Aliexpress, … etc (http://m.alibaba.com/?uptime=20111230&ptsid=1012000000604534&crea=21430684027&plac=&netw=g&device=m&ptscode=0110101010010001), (http://m.aliexpress.com/?tracelog=wwwhome2mobilesitehome).

(5) Pay on time to avoid fine-fees and other unnecessary extra fees.

(6) Save energy and water (space and traffic costs). At home, in work or any other space and services that needs energy, water, transport and traffic think about stray, random and spontaneous actions that continuously eat up your spending by unnecessary extra use of natural resources that either destroy your economy or generate waste and degrade your living quality on several levels starting from your own household. Here are some examples: (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/energy-saver-guide-tips-saving-money-and-energy-home; https://www.progress-energy.com/carolinas/home/save-energy-money/energy-saving-tips-calculators/100-tips.page?; http://www.gracelinks.org/2970/water-saving-tips-energy-use; http://yourenergysavings.gov.au/water/water-home-garden/water-efficiency-home)

(7) Buy only when and what you need otherwise many unnecessary things and items will pile-up, eat your space, economy and time as you when always need them and you may discover that you can manage without them and even more effectively.

(8) Avoid spontaneous impulse shopping (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_purchase). This will gradually turn you to shoppolic and you will always be guided by your emotions instead of logic. However, you have and should be brave enough to show people what’s important in your life. (http://www.sophiekinsella.co.uk/books.php?c=Shopaholic_series).

(9) Save when you have and spend when you do not have. Saving here is to create capital or liquid-money “reserves” so as to avoid going on blanco loans with high interest-rates that can be up to 25% which means that if you do not pay so rapidly what you borrowed, this will double in three years! Many unexpected things and needs may shows up at any moment and you need to be prepared.

(10) continuously up-date yourself by market issues and improve your knowledge to manage DIY, your economy needs and to keep up with whatever is necessary to learn not only for your survival but for your development and improvements as well.

UN Sustainable Development Summit 2015 “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/summit

Urbanization and modern high-tech societies bring with them lots of responsibilities to the citizen and household both on collective and individual levels. If the chain of interaction between technology, individual household and the society in general is not fully coherent and economically sustainable severe impacts are to expect. These impacts to be expected on different levels and may gradually pile- up causing that economical or technological collapse. 

On the individual level you need to manage household reparations and/or restorations (http://www.thisoldhouse.com/toh/m/photos/0,,20434090,00.html) either by yourself “DIY” or through payed services.

In both cases “DIY” and payed services, you need to have minimum knowledge of understanding how to protect yourself and your surroundings from accidents that may arise from improper operation, management and use of modern household appliances. These involve basic safety and security issues including hiden chemical (http://chemicalfreelife.tumblr.com/post/44070640011), electrical and ICT or “cyber” (http://www.powermag.com/cyber-threats-proving-their-power-over-power-plant-operational-technology/) threats.

An important issue is the technical terms where English is the dominant language (http://english4me2.com/kitchen/household-chores-verbs-and-nouns/).

BBC News announced that the Italian energy group Eni founds one of the world’s largest natural gas fields off Egypt’s coast in an area 1,450m (4,757 feet) beneath the surface of 100 sq km (39 sq miles). It could hold as much as 30 trillion cubic feet of gas, or 5.5 billion barrels of oil equivalent.

This will help to meet Egypt’s gas needs for decades and can transform energy scenario of Egypt,” said Claudio Descalzi at Eni: (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34102656)

To know about natural gas in Egypt, visit (http://mazamascience.com/EnergyTrends/?p=308).

From my shallow knowledge when I was a student I though humans invented but I didn’t know much. With time I started to understand and to know that there are more and more and much more left for future generations to do. Our collective knowledge are not only growing but are constantly changed, replaced and renewed. 

We invaded much of the earth’s surface but still much left and we started to invade the sea but even much more interesting is to move from its surface to the bottom.

http://www.shimz.co.jp/english/theme/dream/oceanspiral.html
  

An important aspect of how Africa would deal with future challenges to bring about successful implementation of sustainable urbanization policies is the use of energy-saving technologies for cement production. Currently, the major African reserves of its limited coal reserves exist in South Africa and mostly exported to the global market (http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/analysis.cfm?iso=ZAF). This with the relatively very limited access to coal and the risk for increasing future coal prices in the world (http://oilprice.com/Energy/Coal/Why-Coal-Prices-Will-Soar-In-The-Coming-Years.html) make is necessary to invest in alternative cement production processes,  where huge energy-saving can be based on physical rather than thermal activation.

The rise and potential peak of cement are interesting issues to discuss as they are related to many factors of relevance to achieving sustainable socio-economic developments, e.g. increasing population, an accelerating dynamic urbanization, water-energy nexus, renewables, global warming, waste and pollution as well as needs for effective and optimized cement production in terms of energy, waste and labor.
The majority of the 2.5 billion new urban inhabitants projected to be in Africa and Asia in the period to 2050. This will, for many reasons, strongly influence the global future of cement demand and use, efficiency of the production process, types of fuels and materials used as well as access to building materials and related natural resources. With the global cement production to continue rising in coming years, many real questions arise: how fast will the industry develop and how will its appetite for coal and other fuels change; also the response to new technologies. Cement industry, currently, uses around 5% of the coal produced globally every year and coal remains to be the largest single component in the overall fuel mix used by the cement industry. As thermal energy represents 30–40% of overall costs for the cement industry, this has gradually led to a search for lower-cost fuels with the rise of the use of alternative fuels or alternative energy-efficient production processes. The drivers for use of any alternative fuel or process are demands of reduced CO2 emissions, the impact of landfill taxes and bans, and price of alternative fuels relative to conventional fuels, automation for labor-saving and effective production, also the needs to use other raw materials and waste products by cement industries.

Despite the desire of some to move away from coal, cement facilities using alternative fuels/processes, and non-coal fossil fuels remain a minority and in some regions, the trend for fuel choice is currently toward coal. However, the percentage of clinker in the final cement product has been reduced over the past two decades from 83% in 1990 to around 75% in 2012. This means that 25% of the cement is a non-clinker mineral and thus not as energy-intensive. Among the process-based solution for energ-saving is changing thermal by physical activation for cement production.

PEAK CEMENT. Cement demand will only increase for an individual country up to a certain level of urbanization to enter a “repair and maintain” stage. In developed countries this trend is reinforced by low population growth rates. As each economy achieves the “repair and maintain” level of development, demand for cement will be reduced in an increasing number of countries, causing growth in global cement demand to fall. This has already taken place in EU, U.S. and Japan. After this point, it is conceivable that global cement demand, and by extension the amount of coal it requires, will peak. However, whether or not this could occur by 2050 remains to be seen. What is certain, however, is that whatever happens to the cement industry over the next 35 years, coal will play a very important role as the primary fuel source that is if, and only if, the market-technology will still depend on traditional processes for production, i.e. “business-as-usual”.

http://cornerstonemag.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/shutterstock_141810838.jpg

Germany is among the largest agricultural producers in the European Union with more of its half used for farming and is located in the rural areas. German farms constitute a distinctive feature of landscape and the farmers are considered to be an integral and important part of life in rural areas. There is hardly any other economic sector in which tradition and progress are so closely linked. This is why rural areas are considered to be important as urban areas, and all efforts are made to develop them equally. The implication is that, unlike in some other European countries, where rural areas are known for being backward when compared to urban areas, in Germany, the trend is changing. Due to the country’s policy of equal living, this is not the case in Germany as rural areas, are usually referred to as “Village Renewals”.
http://www.best-of-european-union.eu/2012/08/14/beyond-berlin-exploring-traditional-rural-germany/

But what are the problems of the country-side and rural areas how these problems were originated and what are the possible solutions. Cycles of ups and downs in many worldwide socio-economic developments do show us the existing challenges to find integrative approaches for to couple rural-urban areas: http://youtu.be/HcKdy4W67rs

In many places around the world there are many successful examples of rural-urban integrative approaches. Such approaches provide local and regional populations with diverse socio-economic benefits. 

Examples are given here on the required sustainable management approaches for improving ecosystem services, enhancing ecological processes and multifunctionality on landscape level and thereby achieving large-scale and long-term sustainable socio-economic developments. These examples can service as models that can be used for transforming vast rural-urban regions, e.g. in Africa, that so far suffer from severe segregation with enormous threats for failing future urbanization.

http://www.landscapeonline.de/103097lo201018

E-marketing and E-Markets are becoming very popular, even fish can be bought free on the Internet. Have a good meal!

 https://www.behance.net/gallery/25293763/Time-4-Fish
  

Art doesn’t come out of nowhere, Africa has a culture that can both be translated to art (http://m.123rf.com/photo-18733444_african-women-isolated-over-white-background.html) and implemented in engineering and technology. Follow sustain-earth.com to inform and get informed. 

 Nelson Mandela contributed in raising the global public awareness about the African cultural heritage and now Africa’s art is taking it towards more sustainable future.

Follow us at (http://sustain-earth.com) to share Mandela’s vision about a new Africa. http://www.fineartportfolio.co.za/south-african-artwork/jen-adam-african-art-young-family-ja-263a

Computer Aided Art “CAA” (http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=computer-human-art) developed and expanded very rapidly and have helped Computer Aided Design “CAD” (https://sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design) to strictly construct and develop products that are far beyond our imagination with 3D geometries, constructions and printing ranging from nano-scale organs and electronic lab-on-chips to architecture buildings and landscape smart cities.

A wide-range of social-media illustrate the magificant development of human imagination that both Albert Einstein and Charlie Chaplin never dreamed it can possible. Welcome to the modern era of further coupling of art with architecture.

Swahili Fasion Week, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (http://www.swahilifashionweek.com) will be held during 4th-6th December 2015. It is the biggest and largest annual fashion event in the whole of East and Central Africa providing platform for fashion and accessory designers from Swahili speaking countries and beyond. The event aimed at emphasizing to the region that fashion is an income generating creative industry, meanwhile promoting a “Made in Africa” concept. This platform was founded and created by celebrated Pan African couturier from Tanzania, Mustafa Hassanali in year 2008. 2015 will mark the Eighth Edition of the annual Event.

Participate in this international festival and associated exiting activities.